Our Staff

Gretchen M. Bruce, DABT

Director of Toxicology

GRETCHEN M. BRUCE, DABT, is Director of Toxicology at Intertox, where she began in 1999. She has over 32 years of experience in conducting toxicological risk assessments in a variety of settings. These include human health impact analyses, regulatory compliance assessments, and workplace exposure hazard assessments. Her expertise in data analysis and modeling allows her to conduct these assessments with unique skill.

Ms. Bruce has particular experience in:

• Developing risk assessment models and data analyses for a broad range of human health risks in industrial facilities and workplace environments;
• Conducting toxicological evaluations to support extractable/leachable chemicals (E&T) assessment, including developing analytical evaluation thresholds (AETs);
• Conducting risk assessments to consumers of allegedly biologically and chemically contaminated air, water, food, and soil;
• Evaluating human health impacts from chemicals in pharmaceutical medical devices, consumer products, water, and the environment;
• Developing acceptable dose levels and human health impacts for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disrupters in water;
• Providing scientific litigation support;
• Assessing compliance with toxicity standards in accordance with federal CERCLA, RCRA, TSCA, state (e.g. Prop. 65), and local regulations.

Expertise

Ms. Bruce has particular expertise in developing and implementing data analysis methods and risk assessments. She is well-versed in the process of litigation, and provides expert toxicological analyses to support legal cases. Ms. Bruce’s expertise allows her to assist clients in maintaining compliance with local, state, and federal toxicological regulations.

Education

Ms. Bruce earned her Bachelor of Science in Environmental Toxicology from the University of California at Davis and is a certified Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT).

Michael McCabe, Jr., PhD

Principal Scientist

Dr. McCabe is an internationally trained and nationally recognized scientist with a proven track record of accomplishment in toxicology and related disciplines. He has broad-based knowledge and possesses a depth of understanding and experience necessary to analyze exposures to a wide variety of chemicals and drugs and to assess the relevance of such exposures to human health and diseases as well as human performance.

Dr. McCabe applies his extensive scientific research and teaching experience to litigation matters involving, but not limited to, toxic torts, workers compensation claims, product liability, medical malpractice and personal injury cases. His participation on numerous government scientific review panels contributes to his ability to understand both sides of an issue, while his background as a medical and graduate school lecturer allows him to explain complex concepts in an easily understood way.

Dr. McCabe provides medico-legal support to both plaintiff and defense counsel and has testified in civil and criminal litigation in numerous state and federal courts.

Lisa M. Corey, PhD, DABT

Senior Toxicologist

LISA M. COREY, PhD, DABT, joined Intertox in 2004, and currently works as a senior toxicologist. She has studied the effects of chemicals that may pose a threat to human health for more than 18 years. Her knowledge of human health risks in air, water, and the workplace enables her to have a significant impact in all areas of environmental health and human toxicology.

Dr. Corey has particular experience in:

• Evaluating the health risks of metals, halogenated compounds, organophosphates, pesticides, solvents, and nanomaterials;
• Evaluating risk with special consideration towards sensitive populations;
• Conducting product assessments for chemical compounds;
• Preparing labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for industrial chemicals in accordance with OSHA guidelines;
• Ensuring compliance with governmental toxicity regulations including REACH, EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL), and State of California standards;
• Developing company-wide hazard/safety plans to manage human health risks to a broad range of chemicals;
• Providing litigation support and expert testimony for cases involving human health risk and exposures to hazardous chemicals.

Expertise

Dr. Corey is adept at evaluating human health risks from exposure to chemical and biological agents in air, water, soil, and food. She has provided scientific comments and Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of perchlorates in water in accordance with California Public Health Goal (PHG) criteria. She has also conducted assessments of jet engine oil and hydraulic fluid in aircraft cabin air. Dr. Corey’s extensive knowledge of human health risks from chemicals allows her to promote her clients’ compliance with local, state, federal, and international Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) regulations, provide litigation support as either a consultant or an expert witness, and develop new toxicological assessments for measuring chemical impacts on human health.

Education

Dr. Corey earned her PhD in Environmental Toxicology from the University of Washington, where she also earned her Master of Science in Environmental Toxicology. She conducted her undergraduate studies in biology at the University of Washington. Dr. Corey is also certified as a Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT).

Heidi C. O’Neill, PhD, DABT

Senior Toxicologist

Heidi O’Neill, PhD, DABT, joined Intertox in 2024 and currently works as a senior toxicologist. She has studied the effects of various chemicals as both pharmacological therapeutics that may benefit and as toxicants that may pose a threat to human health for more than 20 years.

Dr. O’Neill has particular experience in:

• Evaluating the health risks of flavoring compounds in oral/food products and inhalation devices;
• Evaluating the health risks of solvents, organophosphates, and pesticides;
• Preparation of FDA submissions for consumer products (inhaled and oral nicotine products);
• Providing scientific litigation support;
• Conducting product stewardship assessments for chemical compounds;
• Conducting toxicological evaluations to support extractable/leachable chemicals (E&T) assessment;

Expertise

Over the last 4 ½ years, Dr. O’Neill has focused on human health risk assessment for consumer products (tobacco products, cannabis vape products, food, and personal care products) as well as in an industrial setting for pharmaceutical products. She also has extensive experience assisting companies with FDA regulatory submissions for tobacco product, both oral and inhaled.  She also has experience providing expert toxicological analyses to support legal cases. Dr. O’Neill has also assisted with developing the basis of an SDS screening system to build a database for go/ no go decisions for worker safety at a large food company.

Education

Dr. O’Neill earned her PhD in Toxicology from the University of Colorado, where she developed a model for evaluating upper respiratory effects of sulfur mustard gas inhalation, later using this model to screen various therapeutic compounds for prophylactic treatment intended for first responders. Following her graduate studies, she studied the genetics of nicotine addiction, nicotine pharmacology and the multigenerational effects of developmental nicotine exposure. Dr. O’Neill is also certified as a Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT).

Gavin Bell

Scientist

GAVIN BELL began his work at Intertox, Inc. in 2011. With a background in mathematics, his work at Intertox spans areas from litigation support to product safety. His work includes assisting with risk assessments and researching health effects resulting from chemical exposures.

Mr. Bell has particular proficiency in:

• Workers’ compensation claims
• Evaluating human health impacts from chemicals in water, products and the environment;
• Development, conduct, and analysis of complex air sampling and analysis for product safety

Expertise

Mr. Bell has significant experience in litigation support of workers’ compensation claims, litigation support related to cabin air safety, development of sampling and analysis plans, sampling and analysis of fabrics used in clothing, product stewardship, and regulatory publishing.

Education

Mr. Bell earned his Bachelors degree from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.

Kelli R. Hackney

Scientist

Kelli R. Hackney joined Intertox in January 2022 as a staff scientist. Prior to joining Intertox, Ms. Hackney worked as a staff scientist for a small toxicology firm based in western Washington.

Ms. Hackney has particular experience in:

• Conducting human and ecological risk assessments for multiple exposure pathways, including surface water, groundwater, air, odor, noise, and vibration;
• Conducting toxicological literature searches and drafting technical reports;
• Deriving acceptable intake levels of possible air- or waterborne contaminants;
• Analyzing and modelling complex data;
• Distilling complex data into easy-to-understand visualizations.

Expertise

Ms. Hackney’s work at Intertox has involved providing scientific support regarding potential environmental and human health impacts of landfill wastes to nearby communities and ecosystems. Ms. Hackney is also involved in a project to update research concerning the continuing ecological effects of deepwater ocean dumping of DDT wastes in the Southern California Bight. She has also developed numerous technical documents for agencies such as Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Willamette River Keepers.

Education

Ms. Hackney earned her B.S. in Environmental Science, graduating summa cum laude from Portland State University in 2021.

Madison Arnold, MS

Scientist

MADISON A. ARNOLD joined Intertox in January 2023 as a scientist. Prior to joining Intertox, Ms. Arnold had worked as a graduate student researcher at Oregon State University.

Expertise

Ms. Arnold has particular proficiency in:

• Evaluating ecological and human health impacts from chemicals in various media
• Performing toxicological literature searches and reviews
• Comprising toxicological databases
• Interpreting and explaining toxicological data
• Presenting toxicological data

Ms. Arnold has significant knowledge in chemical behavior, environmental fate and transport, public health toxicology, and human health and ecological risk assessment.

Education

Ms. Arnold earned her M.S. in Toxicology from Oregon State University, graduating Magna cum laude in 2022. She conducted her undergraduate research on microplastics at Oregon State University awarding her a B.S. in Bioresource Research.

Michael C. Maloney, RAC

Senior Advisor, Regulatory Affairs

MICHAEL C. MALONEY, RAC, works with Intertox clients who need to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for drugs and medical devices. Mr. Maloney has helped medical device and drug companies bring products to market for more than 30 years. He has regularly provided hands-on management of companies in these fields. Both as a consultant and as an employee, he has led new product development step-by-step from approval process to launch.

Mr. Maloney has particular experience in:

• Developing consultancy programs for medical device companies seeking to establish regulatory compliance;
• Crafting and overseeing national and international product regulatory dossiers;
• Submitting dossiers in compliance with electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD) specifications;
• Directing successful negotiations with FDA (CDRH, CDER, CBER);
• Managing nonclinical safety and biological activity programs;
• Overseeing clinical investigations to establish safety, proof-of-concept, and efficacy;
• Negotiating with regulators over product classification, labeling, advertising, and promotional materials;
• Managing prior approval supplements for CMC;
• Acting as regulatory liaison in cases involving 510(k), PMA, NDA and BLA approvals.

Expertise

Mr. Maloney has an extensive experience as a regulatory affairs subject matter expert. He co-founded the Novent Group in 1991, providing regulatory consultation for a broad range of medical products leading to numerous marketing authorization successes. He has also provided regulatory consultation as the president of LaHaye Laboratories (1996-2001) and the Head of Regulatory Affairs at ZymoGenetics (2005-2009), he shepherded numerous products to FDA approval, including the clotting solution Recothrom. As an expert in regulatory affairs, Mr. Maloney serves as a liaison on major cases, working with clients to create strategies to win regulatory approval, craft the appropriate dossiers for submittal to regulators, negotiate with regulators, and maintain post-approval commitments to ensure continued regulatory compliance.

Education

Mr. Maloney earned a degree in Biological Sciences from San Jose State University. He holds Regulatory Affairs Certification (RAC) through the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society, which is the only certification in this field recognized worldwide.